for actions … on the basis of motives.”12 Volition is not merely the will to act; it is not directed solely toward something that is to be “brought about” and that consequently is not yet real. Rather, so say the ancients, volition has also the property of “wanting”, affirming, loving, what already exists. Love is participation in and consummation of the beloved’s being, as it is. It is, incidentally, not quite precise to say that in the traditional conception of volition love is one attribute among
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